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A vitamin is an organic molecule (or a set of molecules next to united chemically, i.e. vitamers) that is an critical micronutrient which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper in action of its metabolism. necessary nutrients cannot be synthesized in the organism, either at all or not in sufficient quantities, and in view of that must be obtained through the diet. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some species but not by others; it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the second. The term vitamin does not include the three new groups of vital nutrients: minerals, essential fatty acids, and valuable amino acids. Most vitamins are not single molecules, but groups of combined molecules called vitamers. For example, there are eight vitamers of vitamin E: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. Some sources list fourteen vitamins, by including choline, but major health organizations list thirteen: vitamin A (as all-trans-retinol, all-trans-retinyl-esters, as with ease as all-trans-beta-carotene and other provitamin A carotenoids), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic cutting or folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamins), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calciferols), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones).

Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue addition and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, amendable mineral metabolism for bones and extra organs. The B profound vitamins statute as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them. Vitamins C and E perform as antioxidants. Both deficient and excess intake of a vitamin can potentially cause clinically significant illness, although excess intake of water-soluble vitamins is less likely to complete so.

Before 1935, the without help source of vitamins was from food. If intake of vitamins was lacking, the upshot was vitamin want and consequent want diseases. Then, commercially produced tablets of yeast-extract vitamin B highbrow and semi-synthetic vitamin C became available.

This was followed in the 1950s by the increase production and marketing of vitamin supplements, including multivitamins, to prevent vitamin deficiencies in the general population. Governments mandated auxiliary of vitamins to staple foods such as flour or milk, referred to as food fortification, to prevent deficiencies. Recommendations for folic mordant supplementation during pregnancy edited risk of infant neural tube defects.

The term vitamin is derived from the word vitamine, which was coined in 1912 by Polish biochemist Casimir Funk, who isolated a mysterious of micronutrients vital to life, every of which he presumed to be amines. later this presumption was sophisticated sure not to be true, the "e" was dropped from the name. all vitamins were discovered (identified) surrounded by 1913 and 1948.

Vitamin-D-Mangel begreifen in 4 Schritten - YouTube