A vitamin is an organic molecule (or a set of molecules alongside connected chemically, i.e. vitamers) that is an necessary micronutrient which an organism needs in little quantities for the proper in force of its metabolism. vital nutrients cannot be synthesized in the organism, either at every or not in satisfactory quantities, and so must be obtained through the diet. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some species but not by others; it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the second. The term vitamin does not enhance the three new groups of indispensable nutrients: minerals, vital fatty acids, and critical amino acids. Most vitamins are not single molecules, but groups of similar molecules called vitamers. For example, there are eight vitamers of vitamin E: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. Some sources list fourteen vitamins, by including choline, but major health organizations list thirteen: vitamin A (as all-trans-retinol, all-trans-retinyl-esters, as capably as all-trans-beta-carotene and extra provitamin A carotenoids), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic pointed or folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamins), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calciferols), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones).
Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue growth and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, adaptable mineral metabolism for bones and supplementary organs. The B perplexing vitamins put-on as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them. Vitamins C and E exploit as antioxidants. Both deficient and excess intake of a vitamin can potentially cause clinically significant illness, although excess intake of water-soluble vitamins is less likely to complete so.
Before 1935, the solitary source of vitamins was from food. If intake of vitamins was lacking, the consequences was vitamin lack and consequent nonappearance diseases. Then, commercially produced tablets of yeast-extract vitamin B mysterious and semi-synthetic vitamin C became available.
This was followed in the 1950s by the growth production and publicity of vitamin supplements, including multivitamins, to prevent vitamin deficiencies in the general population. Governments mandated complement of vitamins to staple foods such as flour or milk, referred to as food fortification, to prevent deficiencies. Recommendations for folic mordant supplementation during pregnancy shortened risk of infant neural tube defects.
The term vitamin is derived from the word vitamine, which was coined in 1912 by Polish biochemist Casimir Funk, who lonely a mysterious of micronutrients indispensable to life, all of which he presumed to be amines. when this presumption was far ahead sure not to be true, the "e" was dropped from the name. all vitamins were discovered (identified) together with 1913 and 1948.
Vitamin C Foods, Signs of Deficiency & Health Benefits - Dr. Axe
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