home care health: Vitamin - 301 Moved Permanently

A vitamin is an organic molecule (or a set of molecules contiguously connected chemically, i.e. vitamers) that is an critical micronutrient which an organism needs in little quantities for the proper full of life of its metabolism. necessary nutrients cannot be synthesized in the organism, either at every or not in plenty quantities, and as a result must be obtained through the diet. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some species but not by others; it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the second. The term vitamin does not attach the three new groups of vital nutrients: minerals, valuable fatty acids, and necessary amino acids. Most vitamins are not single molecules, but groups of aligned molecules called vitamers. For example, there are eight vitamers of vitamin E: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. Some sources list fourteen vitamins, by including choline, but major health organizations list thirteen: vitamin A (as all-trans-retinol, all-trans-retinyl-esters, as competently as all-trans-beta-carotene and extra provitamin A carotenoids), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic bitter or folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamins), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calciferols), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones).

Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue accumulation and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, modifiable mineral metabolism for bones and extra organs. The B technical vitamins play in as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them. Vitamins C and E be active as antioxidants. Both deficient and excess intake of a vitamin can potentially cause clinically significant illness, although excess intake of water-soluble vitamins is less likely to get so.

Before 1935, the without help source of vitamins was from food. If intake of vitamins was lacking, the upshot was vitamin lack and consequent lack diseases. Then, commercially produced tablets of yeast-extract vitamin B puzzling and semi-synthetic vitamin C became available.

This was followed in the 1950s by the accumulation production and marketing of vitamin supplements, including multivitamins, to prevent vitamin deficiencies in the general population. Governments mandated addition of vitamins to staple foods such as flour or milk, referred to as food fortification, to prevent deficiencies. Recommendations for folic bitter supplementation during pregnancy shortened risk of infant neural tube defects.

The term vitamin is derived from the word vitamine, which was coined in 1912 by Polish biochemist Casimir Funk, who lonesome a technical of micronutrients valuable to life, all of which he presumed to be amines. similar to this presumption was far ahead clear not to be true, the "e" was dropped from the name. every vitamins were discovered (identified) amongst 1913 and 1948.

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