A vitamin is an organic molecule (or a set of molecules to the side of similar chemically, i.e. vitamers) that is an valuable micronutrient which an organism needs in little quantities for the proper keen of its metabolism. vital nutrients cannot be synthesized in the organism, either at all or not in ample quantities, and thus must be obtained through the diet. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some species but not by others; it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the second. The term vitamin does not put in the three other groups of valuable nutrients: minerals, valuable fatty acids, and indispensable amino acids. Most vitamins are not single molecules, but groups of combined molecules called vitamers. For example, there are eight vitamers of vitamin E: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. Some sources list fourteen vitamins, by including choline, but major health organizations list thirteen: vitamin A (as all-trans-retinol, all-trans-retinyl-esters, as capably as all-trans-beta-carotene and further provitamin A carotenoids), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic pointed or folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamins), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calciferols), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones).
Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue buildup and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, changeable mineral metabolism for bones and further organs. The B technical vitamins achievement as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them. Vitamins C and E enactment as antioxidants. Both deficient and excess intake of a vitamin can potentially cause clinically significant illness, although excess intake of water-soluble vitamins is less likely to do so.
Before 1935, the single-handedly source of vitamins was from food. If intake of vitamins was lacking, the consequences was vitamin lack and consequent nonattendance diseases. Then, commercially produced tablets of yeast-extract vitamin B highbrow and semi-synthetic vitamin C became available.
This was followed in the 1950s by the deposit production and marketing of vitamin supplements, including multivitamins, to prevent vitamin deficiencies in the general population. Governments mandated addition of vitamins to staple foods such as flour or milk, referred to as food fortification, to prevent deficiencies. Recommendations for folic pointed supplementation during pregnancy shortened risk of infant neural tube defects.
The term vitamin is derived from the word vitamine, which was coined in 1912 by Polish biochemist Casimir Funk, who on your own a highbrow of micronutrients necessary to life, every of which he presumed to be amines. when this presumption was forward-thinking sure not to be true, the "e" was dropped from the name. every vitamins were discovered (identified) surrounded by 1913 and 1948.
Vitamin D complex Forms of Vitamin D vitamin D1, Vitamin D2, Vitamin D3, Vitamin D4
Vitamin D: anxiety, depression, sun exposure, supplements and optimal levels - everywomanover29
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