A vitamin is an organic molecule (or a set of molecules alongside combined chemically, i.e. vitamers) that is an necessary micronutrient which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper working of its metabolism. necessary nutrients cannot be synthesized in the organism, either at all or not in enough quantities, and therefore must be obtained through the diet. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some species but not by others; it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the second. The term vitamin does not total the three extra groups of indispensable nutrients: minerals, vital fatty acids, and critical amino acids. Most vitamins are not single molecules, but groups of amalgamated molecules called vitamers. For example, there are eight vitamers of vitamin E: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. Some sources list fourteen vitamins, by including choline, but major health organizations list thirteen: vitamin A (as all-trans-retinol, all-trans-retinyl-esters, as capably as all-trans-beta-carotene and additional provitamin A carotenoids), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B7 (biotin), vitamin B9 (folic pointed or folate), vitamin B12 (cobalamins), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calciferols), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinones).
Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue mass and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, flexible mineral metabolism for bones and further organs. The B rarefied vitamins deed as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them. Vitamins C and E exploit as antioxidants. Both deficient and excess intake of a vitamin can potentially cause clinically significant illness, although excess intake of water-soluble vitamins is less likely to pull off so.
Before 1935, the unaided source of vitamins was from food. If intake of vitamins was lacking, the upshot was vitamin deficiency and consequent lack diseases. Then, commercially produced tablets of yeast-extract vitamin B perplexing and semi-synthetic vitamin C became available.
This was followed in the 1950s by the increase production and promotion of vitamin supplements, including multivitamins, to prevent vitamin deficiencies in the general population. Governments mandated accessory of vitamins to staple foods such as flour or milk, referred to as food fortification, to prevent deficiencies. Recommendations for folic prickly supplementation during pregnancy shortened risk of infant neural tube defects.
The term vitamin is derived from the word vitamine, which was coined in 1912 by Polish biochemist Casimir Funk, who by yourself a profound of micronutrients necessary to life, every of which he presumed to be amines. in the same way as this presumption was difficult sure not to be true, the "e" was dropped from the name. all vitamins were discovered (identified) amongst 1913 and 1948.
Vitamin D complex Forms of Vitamin D vitamin D1, Vitamin D2, Vitamin D3, Vitamin D4
Benefits of Vitamin D4 LIVESTRONG.COM
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